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# NEORV32 Bit-Manipulation `B` Extension
:warning: The RISC-V bit-manipulation extension is frozen but not yet officially ratified.
:warning: The NEORV32 bit manipulation extensions `B` only supports the `Zbb` and `Zba` sub-extension
(basic bit-manipulation operation) yet.
The provided test program `main.c` verifies all currently implemented instruction by checking the results against a pure-software emulation model.
The emulation functions as well as the available **intrinsics** for the sub-extension are located in `neorv32_b_extension_intrinsics.h`.
:information_source: More information regarding the RISC-V bit manipulation extension can be found in the officail GitHub repo:
[github.com/riscv/riscv-bitmanip](https://github.com/riscv/riscv-bitmanip).
The specification of the bit-manipulation spec supported by the NEORV32 can be found in `docs/references/bitmanip-draft.pdf`.

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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// #################################################################################################
// # << NEORV32 - Intrinsics + Emulation Functions for the CPU B extension >> #
// # ********************************************************************************************* #
// # The intrinsics provided by this library allow to use the hardware bit manipulation unit of #
// # the RISC-V B CPU extension without the need for support by the compiler. #
// # ********************************************************************************************* #
// # BSD 3-Clause License #
// # #
// # Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
// # #
// # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
// # permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
// # #
// # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
// # conditions and the following disclaimer. #
// # #
// # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
// # conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
// # provided with the distribution. #
// # #
// # 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
// # endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
// # permission. #
// # #
// # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
// # OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
// # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
// # COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
// # EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
// # GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
// # AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
// # NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
// # OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
// # ********************************************************************************************* #
// # The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
// #################################################################################################
/**********************************************************************//**
* @file bitmanip_test/neorv32_b_extension_intrinsics.h
* @author Stephan Nolting
* @brief "Intrinsic" library for the NEORV32 bit manipulation B extension.
* Also provides emulation functions for all intrinsics (functionality re-built in pure software).
*
* @warning This library is just a temporary fall-back until the B extension is supported by the upstream RISC-V GCC port.
**************************************************************************/
#ifndef neorv32_b_extension_intrinsics_h
#define neorv32_b_extension_intrinsics_h
// ################################################################################################
// "Intrinsics"
// ################################################################################################
// ================================================================================================
// Zbb - Base instructions
// ================================================================================================
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CLZ (count leading zeros) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of leading zeros in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_clz(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// clz a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b00000, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CTZ (count trailing zeros) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of trailing zeros in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_ctz(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// ctz a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b00001, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CPOP (count set bits) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of set bits in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_cpop(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// cpop a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b00010, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation SEXT.B (sign-extend byte) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Sign extended byte (operand(7:0)).
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_sextb(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// sext.b a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b00100, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation SEXT.H (sign-extend half-word) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Sign-extended half-word (operand(15:0)).
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_sexth(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// sext.h a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b00101, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ZEXT.H (zero-extend half-word) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Zero-extended half-word (operand(15:0)).
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_zexth(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// sext.h a0, a0
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0000100, 0b00000, a0, 0b100, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MIN (select signed minimum) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Signed minimum.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_min(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// min a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0000101, a1, a0, 0b100, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MINU (select unsigned minimum) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Unsigned minimum.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_minu(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// minu a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0000101, a1, a0, 0b101, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MAX (select signed maximum) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Signed maximum.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_max(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// max a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0000101, a1, a0, 0b110, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MAXU (select unsigned maximum) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Unsigned maximum.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_maxu(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// maxu a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0000101, a1, a0, 0b111, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ANDN (logical and-negate) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 AND NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
inline inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_andn(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// andn a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0100000, a1, a0, 0b111, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ORN (logical or-negate) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 OR NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_orn(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// orn a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0100000, a1, a0, 0b110, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation XNOR (logical xor-negate) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 XOR NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_xnor(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// xnor a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0100000, a1, a0, 0b100, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ROL (rotate-left) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 rotated left by operand_2(4:0) positions.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_rol(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// rol a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0110000, a1, a0, 0b001, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ROR (rotate-right) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 rotated right by operand_2(4:0) positions.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_ror(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// ror a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0110000, a1, a0, 0b101, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation RORI (rotate-right) by 20 positions. [B.Zbb]
* @warning Fixed shift amount (20) for now.
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 rotated right by 20 positions.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_rori20(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// rori a0, a0, 20
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110000, 0b10100, a0, 0b101, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ORC.B (or-combine byte) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return OR-combined bytes of operand 1.
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_orcb(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// gorci a0, a0, 7 (pseudo-instruction: orc.b a0, a0)
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0010100, 0b00111, a0, 0b101, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation REV8 (byte-swap) [B.Zbb]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Byte swap of operand 1
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_rev8(uint32_t rs1) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a));
// grevi a0, a0, -8 (pseudo-instruction: rev8 a0, a0)
CUSTOM_INSTR_R1_TYPE(0b0110100, 0b11000, a0, 0b101, a0, 0b0010011);
return result;
}
// ================================================================================================
// Zbb - Base instructions
// ================================================================================================
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH1ADD (add with logical-1-shift) [B.Zba]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 1)
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_sh1add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// sh1add a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0010000, a1, a0, 0b010, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH2ADD (add with logical-2-shift) [B.Zba]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 2)
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_sh2add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// sh2add a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0010000, a1, a0, 0b100, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH1ADD (add with logical-3-shift) [B.Zba]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 2 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 3)
**************************************************************************/
inline uint32_t __attribute__ ((always_inline)) riscv_intrinsic_sh3add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
register uint32_t result __asm__ ("a0");
register uint32_t tmp_a __asm__ ("a0") = rs1;
register uint32_t tmp_b __asm__ ("a1") = rs2;
// dummy instruction to prevent GCC "constprop" optimization
asm volatile ("" : [output] "=r" (result) : [input_i] "r" (tmp_a), [input_j] "r" (tmp_b));
// sh3add a0, a0, a1
CUSTOM_INSTR_R2_TYPE(0b0010000, a1, a0, 0b110, a0, 0b0110011);
return result;
}
// ################################################################################################
// Emulation functions
// ################################################################################################
// ================================================================================================
// Zbb - Base instructions
// ================================================================================================
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CLZ (count leading zeros) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of leading zeros in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_clz(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t sreg = rs1;
uint32_t cnt = 0;
while(1) {
if (sreg & 0x80000000UL) {
break;
}
else {
sreg <<= 1;
cnt++;
}
}
return cnt;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CTZ (count trailing zeros) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of trailing zeros in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_ctz(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t sreg = rs1;
uint32_t cnt = 0;
while(1) {
if (sreg & 1) {
break;
}
else {
sreg >>= 1;
cnt++;
}
}
return cnt;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation CPOP (population count) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Number of set bits in source operand.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_cpop(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t sreg = rs1;
uint32_t cnt = 0;
int i;
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
if (sreg & 1) {
cnt++;
}
sreg >>= 1;
}
return cnt;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation SEXT.B (sign-extend byte) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Sign-extended byte (operand(7:0)).
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_sextb(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t tmp = rs1 & 0xff;
if (tmp & 0x80) {
tmp |= 0xFFFFFF00UL;
}
return tmp;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation SEXT.H (sign-extend half-word) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Sign-extended half-word (operand(15:0)).
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_sexth(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t tmp = rs1 & 0xffff;
if (tmp & 0x8000) {
tmp |= 0xFFFF0000UL;
}
return tmp;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ZEXT.H (zero-extend half-word) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Zero-extended half-word (operand(15:0)).
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_zexth(uint32_t rs1) {
return rs1 & 0x0000FFFFUL;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MIN (select signed minimum) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Signed minimum.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_min(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
int32_t s_opa = (int32_t)rs1;
int32_t s_opb = (int32_t)rs2;
if (s_opa < s_opb) {
return rs1;
}
else {
return rs2;
}
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MINU (select unsigned minimum) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Unsigned minimum.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_minu(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
if (rs1 < rs2) {
return rs1;
}
else {
return rs2;
}
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MAX (select signed maximum) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Signed maximum.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_max(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
int32_t s_opa = (int32_t)rs1;
int32_t s_opb = (int32_t)rs2;
if (s_opa < s_opb) {
return rs2;
}
else {
return rs1;
}
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation MAXU (select unsigned maximum) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Unsigned maximum.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_maxu(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
if (rs1 < rs2) {
return rs2;
}
else {
return rs1;
}
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ANDN (logical and-negate) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 AND NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_andn(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs1 & (~rs2);
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ORN (logical or-negate) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 OR NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_orn(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs1 | (~rs2);
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation XNOR (logical xor-negate) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 XOR NOT operand 2.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_xnor(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs1 ^ (~rs2);
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ROL (rotate-left) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 rotated left by operand_2(4:0) positions.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_rol(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
uint32_t shamt = rs2 & 0x1f;
uint32_t tmp_a = rs1 << shamt;
uint32_t tmp_b = rs1 >> (32-shamt);
return tmp_a | tmp_b;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ROR (rotate-right) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 rotated right by operand_2(4:0) positions.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_ror(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
uint32_t shamt = rs2 & 0x1f;
uint32_t tmp_a = rs1 >> shamt;
uint32_t tmp_b = rs1 << (32-shamt);
return tmp_a | tmp_b;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation REV8 (byte swap) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 1 byte swapped.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_rev8(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t tmp_a = (rs1 & 0x000000ffUL) << 24;
uint32_t tmp_b = (rs1 & 0x0000ff00UL) << 8;
uint32_t tmp_c = (rs1 & 0x00ff0000UL) >> 8;
uint32_t tmp_d = (rs1 & 0xff000000UL) >> 24;
return tmp_a | tmp_b | tmp_c | tmp_d;
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Bit manipulation ORCB (or-combine bytes) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return OR-combined bytes of operand 1.
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_orcb(uint32_t rs1) {
uint32_t tmp = 0;
if (rs1 & 0x000000ffUL) {
tmp |= 0x000000ffUL;
}
if (rs1 & 0x0000ff00UL) {
tmp |= 0x0000ff00UL;
}
if (rs1 & 0x00ff0000UL) {
tmp |= 0x00ff0000UL;
}
if (rs1 & 0xff000000UL) {
tmp |= 0xff000000UL;
}
return tmp;
}
// ================================================================================================
// Zba - Address generation instructions
// ================================================================================================
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH1ADD (add with logical-1-shift) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 1)
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_sh1add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs2 + (rs1 << 1);
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH2ADD (add with logical-2-shift) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 2)
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_sh2add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs2 + (rs1 << 2);
}
/**********************************************************************//**
* Intrinsic: Address generation instructions SH3ADD (add with logical-3-shift) [emulation]
*
* @param[in] rs1 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @param[in] rs2 Source operand 1 (a0).
* @return Operand 2 + (Operand 1 << 3)
**************************************************************************/
uint32_t riscv_emulate_sh3add(uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2) {
return rs2 + (rs1 << 3);
}
#endif // neorv32_b_extension_intrinsics_h

37
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.file "blink_led_in_asm.S"
.section .text
.balign 4
.global blink_led_asm
blink_led_asm:
/* base address of GPIO controller's output port is passed as argument (in a0)*/
sw zero, 0(a0) /* clear output port */
li t1, 0 /* initialize counter */
blink_loop:
andi t1, t1, 255 /* apply 8-bit mask */
sw t1, 0(a0) /* output current counter value */
addi t1, t1, 1 /* increment counter */
jal ra, blink_delay /* call delay function */
j blink_loop
blink_delay:
li t2, 0xfffff /* delay time */
blink_delay_loop:
beq t2, zero, blink_delay_end
addi t2, t2, -1
nop
nop
j blink_delay_loop
blink_delay_end:
ret
.end

40
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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

40
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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

100
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# COREMARK® ACCEPTABLE USE AGREEMENT
This ACCEPTABLE USE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is offered by Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium, a California nonprofit corporation (“Licensor”), to users of its CoreMark® software (“Licensee”) exclusively on the following terms.
Licensor offers benchmarking software (“Software”) pursuant to an open source license, but carefully controls use of its benchmarks and their associated goodwill. Licensor has registered its trademark in one of the benchmarks available through the Software, COREMARK, Ser. No. 85/487,290; Reg. No. 4,179,307 (the “Trademark”), and promotes the use of a standard metric as a benchmark for assessing the performance of embedded systems. Solely on the terms described herein, Licensee may use and display the Trademark in connection with the generation of data regarding measurement and analysis of computer and embedded system benchmarking via the Software (the “Licensed Use”).
## Article 1 – License Grant.
1.1. License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor hereby grants to Licensee, and Licensee hereby accepts from Licensor, a personal, non-exclusive, royalty-free, revocable right and license to use and display the Trademark during the term of this Agreement (the “Term”), solely and exclusively in connection with the Licensed Use. During the Term, Licensee (i) shall not modify or otherwise create derivative works of the Trademark, and (ii) may use the Trademark only to the extent permitted under this License. Neither Licensee nor any affiliate or agent thereof shall otherwise use the Trademark without the prior express written consent of Licensor, which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion. All rights not expressly granted to Licensee hereunder shall remain the exclusive property of Licensor.
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1.3. Licensor’s Use. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude Licensor or any of its successors or assigns from using or permitting other entities to use the Trademark, whether or not such entity directly or indirectly competes or conflicts with Licensee’s Licensed Use in any manner.
1.4. Term and Termination. This Agreement is perpetual unless terminated by either of the parties. Licensee may terminate this Agreement for convenience, without cause or liability, for any reason or for no reason whatsoever, upon ten (10) business days written notice. Licensor may terminate this Agreement effective immediately upon notice of breach. Upon termination, Licensee shall immediately remove all implementations of the Trademark from the Licensed Use, and delete all digitals files and records of all materials related to the Trademark.
## Article 2 – Ownership.
2.1. Ownership. Licensee acknowledges and agrees that Licensor is the owner of all right, title, and interest in and to the Trademark, and all such right, title, and interest shall remain with Licensor. Licensee shall not contest, dispute, challenge, oppose, or seek to cancel Licensor’s right, title, and interest in and to the Trademark. Licensee shall not prosecute any application for registration of the Trademark. Licensee shall display appropriate notices regarding ownership of the Trademark in connection with the Licensed Use.
2.2. Goodwill. Licensee acknowledges that Licensee shall not acquire any right, title, or interest in the Trademark by virtue of this Agreement other than the license granted hereunder, and disclaims any such right, title, interest, or ownership. All goodwill and reputation generated by Licensee’s use of the Trademark shall inure to the exclusive benefit of Licensor. Licensee shall not by any act or omission use the Trademark in any manner that disparages or reflects adversely on Licensor or its Licensed Use or reputation. Licensee shall not take any action that would interfere with or prejudice Licensor’s ownership or registration of the Trademark, the validity of the Trademark or the validity of the license granted by this Agreement. If Licensor determines and notifies Licensee that any act taken in connection with the Licensed Use (i) is inaccurate, unlawful or offensive to good taste; (ii) fails to provide for proper trademark notices, or (iii) otherwise violates Licensee’s obligations under this Agreement, the license granted under this Agreement shall terminate.
## Article 3 – Indemnification.
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## Article 4 – Miscellaneous.
4.1. Relationship of the Parties. This Agreement does not create a partnership, franchise, joint venture, agency, fiduciary, or employment relationship between the parties.
4.2. No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Except for the rights of Related Persons under Article 3 (Indemnification), there are no third-party beneficiaries to this Agreement.
4.3. Assignment. Licensee’s rights hereunder are non-assignable, and may not be sublicensed.
4.4. Equitable Relief. Licensee acknowledges that the remedies available at law for any breach of this Agreement will, by their nature, be inadequate. Accordingly, Licensor may obtain injunctive relief or other equitable relief to restrain a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement or to specifically enforce this Agreement, without proving that any monetary damages have been sustained, and without the requirement of posting of a bond prior to obtaining such equitable relief.
4.5. Governing Law. This Agreement will be interpreted, construed, and enforced in all respects in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without reference to its conflict of law principles.
4.6. Attorneys’ Fees. If any legal action, arbitration or other proceeding is brought for the enforcement of this Agreement, or because of an alleged dispute, breach, default, or misrepresentation in connection with any of the provisions of this Agreement, the successful or prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other reasonable costs incurred in that action or proceeding, in addition to any other relief to which it may be entitled.
4.7. Amendment; Waiver. This Agreement may not be amended, nor may any rights under it be waived, except in writing by Licensor.
4.8. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be contrary to law, the provision shall be modified by the court and interpreted so as best to accomplish the objectives of the original provision to the fullest extent
permitted by law, and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect.
4.9. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, proposals or representations, written or oral, concerning its subject matter.
# Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
## TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
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8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

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# Introduction
CoreMark's primary goals are simplicity and providing a method for testing only a processor's core features. For more information about EEMBC's comprehensive embedded benchmark suites, please see www.eembc.org.
For a more compute-intensive version of CoreMark that uses larger datasets and execution loops taken from common applications, please check out EEMBC's [CoreMark-PRO](https://www.github.com/eembc/coremark-pro) benchmark, also on GitHub.
This project folder is a port of CoreMark (from the official [GitHub repository](https://github.com/eembc/coremark)) for the NEORV32 processor.
# Building
To build the executable (`neorv32_exe.bin`) of the benchmark, type:
`> make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_COREMARK clean_all exe`
Make sure to define `RUN_COREMARK` *when invoking* `make` (via `USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_COREMARK`).
To build the executable for a certain CPU configuration and a certain optimization level of the benchmark, type (`rv32imc` and `O3` in this example):
`> make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_COREMARK MARCH=rv32imc EFFORT=-O3 clean_all exe`
# Running
Upload the generated executable `neorv32_exe.bin` via the bootloader ('u' command) and execute it ('e' command):
```
<< NEORV32 Bootloader >>
BLDV: Nov 7 2020
HWV: 0x01040700
CLK: 0x05F5E100 Hz
USER: 0x10000DE0
MISA: 0x40901104
PROC: 0x007F0015
IMEM: 0x00008000 bytes @ 0x00000000
DMEM: 0x00008000 bytes @ 0x80000000
Autoboot in 8s. Press key to abort.
Aborted.
Available CMDs:
h: Help
r: Restart
u: Upload
s: Store to flash
l: Load from flash
e: Execute
CMD:> u
Awaiting neorv32_exe.bin... OK
CMD:> e
Booting...
NEORV32: Processor running at 100000000 Hz
NEORV32: Executing coremark (2000 iterations). This may take some time...
2K performance run parameters for coremark.
CoreMark Size : 666
Total ticks : 3036959876
Total time (secs): 30
Iterations/Sec : 66
Iterations : 2000
Compiler version : GCC10.1.0
Compiler flags : -> default, see makefile
Memory location : STACK
seedcrc : 0xe9f5
[0]crclist : 0xe714
[0]crcmatrix : 0x1fd7
[0]crcstate : 0x8e3a
[0]crcfinal : 0x4983
Correct operation validated. See README.md for run and reporting rules.
NEORV32: All reported numbers only show the integer results.
NEORV32: Executed instructions 0x00000000_24b8576e
NEORV32: CoreMark core clock cycles 0x00000000_b5045484
NEORV32: Average CPI (integer part only): 4 cycles/instruction
```

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/*
Copyright 2018 Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC)
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Original Author: Shay Gal-on
*/
/* Modified for the NEORV32 Processor - by Stephan Nolting */
/* Topic : Description
This file contains configuration constants required to execute on
different platforms
*/
#ifndef CORE_PORTME_H
#define CORE_PORTME_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <neorv32.h>
/************************/
/* NEORV32-specific */
/************************/
#define BAUD_RATE (19200)
#define ITERATIONS (2000)
#define FLAGS_STR "-> default, see makefile" // compiler optimization
/************************/
/* Data types and settings */
/************************/
/* Configuration : HAS_FLOAT
Define to 1 if the platform supports floating point.
*/
#ifndef HAS_FLOAT
#define HAS_FLOAT 0
#endif
/* Configuration : HAS_TIME_H
Define to 1 if platform has the time.h header file,
and implementation of functions thereof.
*/
#ifndef HAS_TIME_H
#define HAS_TIME_H 0
#endif
/* Configuration : USE_CLOCK
Define to 1 if platform has the time.h header file,
and implementation of functions thereof.
*/
#ifndef USE_CLOCK
#define USE_CLOCK 0
#endif
/* Configuration : HAS_STDIO
Define to 1 if the platform has stdio.h.
*/
#ifndef HAS_STDIO
#define HAS_STDIO 0
#endif
/* Configuration : HAS_PRINTF
Define to 1 if the platform has stdio.h and implements the printf
function.
*/
#ifndef HAS_PRINTF
#define HAS_PRINTF 0
#endif
/* Definitions : COMPILER_VERSION, COMPILER_FLAGS, MEM_LOCATION
Initialize these strings per platform
*/
#ifndef COMPILER_VERSION
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define COMPILER_VERSION "GCC"__VERSION__
#else
#define COMPILER_VERSION "Please put compiler version here (e.g. gcc 4.1)"
#endif
#endif
#ifndef COMPILER_FLAGS
#define COMPILER_FLAGS \
FLAGS_STR /* "Please put compiler flags here (e.g. -o3)" */
#endif
#ifndef MEM_LOCATION
#define MEM_LOCATION "STATIC"
#endif
/* Data Types :
To avoid compiler issues, define the data types that need ot be used for
8b, 16b and 32b in <core_portme.h>.
*Imprtant* :
ee_ptr_int needs to be the data type used to hold pointers, otherwise
coremark may fail!!!
*/
typedef int16_t ee_s16;
typedef uint16_t ee_u16;
typedef int32_t ee_s32;
typedef double ee_f32;
typedef unsigned char ee_u8;
typedef uint32_t ee_u32;
typedef uint64_t ee_u64;
typedef ee_u32 ee_ptr_int;
typedef size_t ee_size_t;
#define NULL ((void *)0)
/* align_mem :
This macro is used to align an offset to point to a 32b value. It is
used in the Matrix algorithm to initialize the input memory blocks.
*/
#define align_mem(x) (void *)(4 + (((ee_ptr_int)(x)-1) & ~3))
/* Configuration : CORE_TICKS
Define type of return from the timing functions.
*/
#define CORETIMETYPE ee_u64
typedef ee_u64 CORE_TICKS;
/* Configuration : SEED_METHOD
Defines method to get seed values that cannot be computed at compile
time.
Valid values :
SEED_ARG - from command line.
SEED_FUNC - from a system function.
SEED_VOLATILE - from volatile variables.
*/
#ifndef SEED_METHOD
#define SEED_METHOD SEED_VOLATILE
#endif
/* Configuration : MEM_METHOD
Defines method to get a block of memry.
Valid values :
MEM_MALLOC - for platforms that implement malloc and have malloc.h.
MEM_STATIC - to use a static memory array.
MEM_STACK - to allocate the data block on the stack (NYI).
*/
#ifndef MEM_METHOD
#define MEM_METHOD MEM_STATIC
#endif
/* Configuration : MULTITHREAD
Define for parallel execution
Valid values :
1 - only one context (default).
N>1 - will execute N copies in parallel.
Note :
If this flag is defined to more then 1, an implementation for launching
parallel contexts must be defined.
Two sample implementations are provided. Use <USE_PTHREAD> or <USE_FORK>
to enable them.
It is valid to have a different implementation of <core_start_parallel>
and <core_end_parallel> in <core_portme.c>, to fit a particular architecture.
*/
#ifndef MULTITHREAD
#define MULTITHREAD 1
#define USE_PTHREAD 0
#define USE_FORK 0
#define USE_SOCKET 0
#endif
/* Configuration : MAIN_HAS_NOARGC
Needed if platform does not support getting arguments to main.
Valid values :
0 - argc/argv to main is supported
1 - argc/argv to main is not supported
Note :
This flag only matters if MULTITHREAD has been defined to a value
greater then 1.
*/
#ifndef MAIN_HAS_NOARGC
#define MAIN_HAS_NOARGC 0
#endif
/* Configuration : MAIN_HAS_NORETURN
Needed if platform does not support returning a value from main.
Valid values :
0 - main returns an int, and return value will be 0.
1 - platform does not support returning a value from main
*/
#ifndef MAIN_HAS_NORETURN
#define MAIN_HAS_NORETURN 0
#endif
/* Variable : default_num_contexts
Not used for this simple port, must cintain the value 1.
*/
extern ee_u32 default_num_contexts;
typedef struct CORE_PORTABLE_S
{
ee_u8 portable_id;
} core_portable;
/* target specific init/fini */
#ifndef RUN_COREMARK
void
__attribute__((__noreturn__))
portable_init(core_portable *p, int *argc, char *argv[]);
#else
void
portable_init(core_portable *p, int *argc, char *argv[]);
#endif
void portable_fini(core_portable *p);
#if !defined(PROFILE_RUN) && !defined(PERFORMANCE_RUN) \
&& !defined(VALIDATION_RUN)
#if (TOTAL_DATA_SIZE == 1200)
#define PROFILE_RUN 1
#elif (TOTAL_DATA_SIZE == 2000)
#define PERFORMANCE_RUN 1
#else
#define VALIDATION_RUN 1
#endif
#endif
int ee_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
#endif /* CORE_PORTME_H */

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/*
Copyright 2018 Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC)
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Original Author: Shay Gal-on
*/
/* Topic: Description
This file contains declarations of the various benchmark functions.
*/
/* Configuration: TOTAL_DATA_SIZE
Define total size for data algorithms will operate on
*/
#ifndef TOTAL_DATA_SIZE
#define TOTAL_DATA_SIZE 2 * 1000
#endif
#define SEED_ARG 0
#define SEED_FUNC 1
#define SEED_VOLATILE 2
#define MEM_STATIC 0
#define MEM_MALLOC 1
#define MEM_STACK 2
#include "core_portme.h"
#if HAS_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
#if HAS_PRINTF
#define ee_printf printf
#endif
/* Actual benchmark execution in iterate */
void *iterate(void *pres);
/* Typedef: secs_ret
For machines that have floating point support, get number of seconds as
a double. Otherwise an unsigned int.
*/
#if HAS_FLOAT
typedef double secs_ret;
#else
typedef ee_u32 secs_ret;
#endif
#if MAIN_HAS_NORETURN
#define MAIN_RETURN_VAL
#define MAIN_RETURN_TYPE void
#else
#define MAIN_RETURN_VAL 0
#define MAIN_RETURN_TYPE int
#endif
void start_time(void);
void stop_time(void);
CORE_TICKS get_time(void);
secs_ret time_in_secs(CORE_TICKS ticks);
/* Misc useful functions */
ee_u16 crcu8(ee_u8 data, ee_u16 crc);
ee_u16 crc16(ee_s16 newval, ee_u16 crc);
ee_u16 crcu16(ee_u16 newval, ee_u16 crc);
ee_u16 crcu32(ee_u32 newval, ee_u16 crc);
ee_u8 check_data_types(void);
void * portable_malloc(ee_size_t size);
void portable_free(void *p);
ee_s32 parseval(char *valstring);
/* Algorithm IDS */
#define ID_LIST (1 << 0)
#define ID_MATRIX (1 << 1)
#define ID_STATE (1 << 2)
#define ALL_ALGORITHMS_MASK (ID_LIST | ID_MATRIX | ID_STATE)
#define NUM_ALGORITHMS 3
/* list data structures */
typedef struct list_data_s
{
ee_s16 data16;
ee_s16 idx;
} list_data;
typedef struct list_head_s
{
struct list_head_s *next;
struct list_data_s *info;
} list_head;
/*matrix benchmark related stuff */
#define MATDAT_INT 1
#if MATDAT_INT
typedef ee_s16 MATDAT;
typedef ee_s32 MATRES;
#else
typedef ee_f16 MATDAT;
typedef ee_f32 MATRES;
#endif
typedef struct MAT_PARAMS_S
{
int N;
MATDAT *A;
MATDAT *B;
MATRES *C;
} mat_params;
/* state machine related stuff */
/* List of all the possible states for the FSM */
typedef enum CORE_STATE
{
CORE_START = 0,
CORE_INVALID,
CORE_S1,
CORE_S2,
CORE_INT,
CORE_FLOAT,
CORE_EXPONENT,
CORE_SCIENTIFIC,
NUM_CORE_STATES
} core_state_e;
/* Helper structure to hold results */
typedef struct RESULTS_S
{
/* inputs */
ee_s16 seed1; /* Initializing seed */
ee_s16 seed2; /* Initializing seed */
ee_s16 seed3; /* Initializing seed */
void * memblock[4]; /* Pointer to safe memory location */
ee_u32 size; /* Size of the data */
ee_u32 iterations; /* Number of iterations to execute */
ee_u32 execs; /* Bitmask of operations to execute */
struct list_head_s *list;
mat_params mat;
/* outputs */
ee_u16 crc;
ee_u16 crclist;
ee_u16 crcmatrix;
ee_u16 crcstate;
ee_s16 err;
/* ultithread specific */
core_portable port;
} core_results;
/* Multicore execution handling */
#if (MULTITHREAD > 1)
ee_u8 core_start_parallel(core_results *res);
ee_u8 core_stop_parallel(core_results *res);
#endif
/* list benchmark functions */
list_head *core_list_init(ee_u32 blksize, list_head *memblock, ee_s16 seed);
ee_u16 core_bench_list(core_results *res, ee_s16 finder_idx);
/* state benchmark functions */
void core_init_state(ee_u32 size, ee_s16 seed, ee_u8 *p);
ee_u16 core_bench_state(ee_u32 blksize,
ee_u8 *memblock,
ee_s16 seed1,
ee_s16 seed2,
ee_s16 step,
ee_u16 crc);
/* matrix benchmark functions */
ee_u32 core_init_matrix(ee_u32 blksize,
void * memblk,
ee_s32 seed,
mat_params *p);
ee_u16 core_bench_matrix(mat_params *p, ee_s16 seed, ee_u16 crc);

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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/*
FreeRTOS V8.2.3 - Copyright (C) 2015 Real Time Engineers Ltd.
All rights reserved
VISIT http://www.FreeRTOS.org TO ENSURE YOU ARE USING THE LATEST VERSION.
This file is part of the FreeRTOS distribution.
FreeRTOS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License (version 2) as published by the
Free Software Foundation >>>> AND MODIFIED BY <<<< the FreeRTOS exception.
***************************************************************************
>>! NOTE: The modification to the GPL is included to allow you to !<<
>>! distribute a combined work that includes FreeRTOS without being !<<
>>! obliged to provide the source code for proprietary components !<<
>>! outside of the FreeRTOS kernel. !<<
***************************************************************************
FreeRTOS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Full license text is available on the following
link: http://www.freertos.org/a00114.html
***************************************************************************
* *
* FreeRTOS provides completely free yet professionally developed, *
* robust, strictly quality controlled, supported, and cross *
* platform software that is more than just the market leader, it *
* is the industry's de facto standard. *
* *
* Help yourself get started quickly while simultaneously helping *
* to support the FreeRTOS project by purchasing a FreeRTOS *
* tutorial book, reference manual, or both: *
* http://www.FreeRTOS.org/Documentation *
* *
***************************************************************************
http://www.FreeRTOS.org/FAQHelp.html - Having a problem? Start by reading
the FAQ page "My application does not run, what could be wrong?". Have you
defined configASSERT()?
http://www.FreeRTOS.org/support - In return for receiving this top quality
embedded software for free we request you assist our global community by
participating in the support forum.
http://www.FreeRTOS.org/training - Investing in training allows your team to
be as productive as possible as early as possible. Now you can receive
FreeRTOS training directly from Richard Barry, CEO of Real Time Engineers
Ltd, and the world's leading authority on the world's leading RTOS.
http://www.FreeRTOS.org/plus - A selection of FreeRTOS ecosystem products,
including FreeRTOS+Trace - an indispensable productivity tool, a DOS
compatible FAT file system, and our tiny thread aware UDP/IP stack.
http://www.FreeRTOS.org/labs - Where new FreeRTOS products go to incubate.
Come and try FreeRTOS+TCP, our new open source TCP/IP stack for FreeRTOS.
http://www.OpenRTOS.com - Real Time Engineers ltd. license FreeRTOS to High
Integrity Systems ltd. to sell under the OpenRTOS brand. Low cost OpenRTOS
licenses offer ticketed support, indemnification and commercial middleware.
http://www.SafeRTOS.com - High Integrity Systems also provide a safety
engineered and independently SIL3 certified version for use in safety and
mission critical applications that require provable dependability.
1 tab == 4 spaces!
*/
#ifndef FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
#define FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
//#include "clock_config.h"
/*-----------------------------------------------------------
* Application specific definitions.
*
* These definitions should be adjusted for your particular hardware and
* application requirements.
*
* THESE PARAMETERS ARE DESCRIBED WITHIN THE 'CONFIGURATION' SECTION OF THE
* FreeRTOS API DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE ON THE FreeRTOS.org WEB SITE.
*
* See http://www.freertos.org/a00110.html.
*----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* See https://www.freertos.org/Using-FreeRTOS-on-RISC-V.html */
#define configMTIME_BASE_ADDRESS ( 0xFFFFFF90UL )
#define configMTIMECMP_BASE_ADDRESS ( 0xFFFFFF98UL )
#define configISR_STACK_SIZE_WORDS ( 128 )
#define configUSE_PREEMPTION 1
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK 1
#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK 1
#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ 100000000
#define configTICK_RATE_HZ ( ( TickType_t ) 100 )
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES ( 5 )
#define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE ( ( unsigned short ) 128 ) /* Can be as low as 60 but some of the demo tasks that use this constant require it to be higher. */
#define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION 1
#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ( ( size_t ) ( 7 * 1024 ) )
#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN ( 16 )
#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY 1
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS 0
#define configIDLE_SHOULD_YIELD 0
#define configUSE_MUTEXES 1
#define configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE 8
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 2
#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES 1
#define configUSE_MALLOC_FAILED_HOOK 1
#define configUSE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG 0
#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES 1
#define configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS 0
#define configTASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES 4
#define configUSE_PORT_OPTIMISED_TASK_SELECTION 1
/* Co-routine definitions. */
#define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES 0
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES ( 2 )
/* Software timer definitions. */
#define configUSE_TIMERS 1
#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY ( configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1 )
#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH 4
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH ( configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE )
/* Task priorities. Allow these to be overridden. */
#ifndef uartPRIMARY_PRIORITY
#define uartPRIMARY_PRIORITY ( configMAX_PRIORITIES - 3 )
#endif
/* Set the following definitions to 1 to include the API function, or zero
to exclude the API function. */
#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet 1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskCleanUpResources 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay 1
#define INCLUDE_eTaskGetState 1
#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskAbortDelay 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetHandle 1
#define INCLUDE_xSemaphoreGetMutexHolder 1
/* Normal assert() semantics without relying on the provision of an assert.h
header file. */
#define configASSERT( x ) if( ( x ) == 0 ) { taskDISABLE_INTERRUPTS(); __asm volatile( "ebreak" ); for( ;; ); }
#endif /* FREERTOS_CONFIG_H */

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# FreeRTOS Demo for the NEORV32 Processor
This example shows how to run [FreeRTOS](https://www.freertos.org/) on the NEORV32 processor. It features the default
"blinky_demo" and the more sophisticated "full_demo" demo applications. See the comments in `main.c` and the according
source files for more information.
The chip-specific extensions folder (`chip_specific_extensions/neorv32`) should be in `$(FREERTOS_HOME)/Source/portable/GCC/RISC-V/chip_specific_extensions`,
but is placed in this source directory for simplicity.
## Hardware Requirements
* DMEM/IMEM requriements depend on the actual application (for example: 8kB DMEM and 16kB IMEM for *blinky_demo*)
* MTIME (machine timer) + UART + GPIO
* `Zicsr` CPU extension
## Instructions
Download FreeRTOS from the [official GitHub repository](https://github.com/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOS) or from the its official homepage.
$ git clone https://github.com/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOS.git
Open the makefile from this example folder and configure the `FREERTOS_HOME` variable to point to your FreeRTOS home folder.
FREERTOS_HOME ?= /mnt/n/Projects/FreeRTOSv10.4.1
Compile the NEORV32 executable. Do not forget the `RUN_FREERTOS_DEMO` switch.
$ make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_FREERTOS_DEMO clean_all exe
Note: The *.c sources and the FreeRTOS-specific part of the makefile have (include) guards that test if `RUN_FREERTOS_DEMO` is defined.
This has no pratical usage for the user - it is just a work-around for the NEORV32 CI environment.
Upload the executable (`neorv32_exe.bin`) to the processor via the bootloader and execute it.
```
Awaiting neorv32_exe.bin... OK
CMD:> e
Booting...
FreeRTOS V10.4.1
Blink
Blink
Blink
```
## FreeRTOS Plus
To automatically add source and include files from FreeRTOS plus extensions add one (or more) of the following arguments when invoking `make`:
* FreeRTOS-Plus-CLI: `USER_FLAGS+=-FREERTOS_PLUS_CLI`
* FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP: `USER_FLAGS+=-FREERTOS_PLUS_TCP`
Example:
$ make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_FREERTOS_DEMO USER_FLAGS+=-FREERTOS_PLUS_TCP clean_all exe
## Notes
The onfiguration of the FreeRTOS home folder (via `FREERTOS_HOME`) is corrupted if the compiler shows the following error:
```
main.c:36:10: fatal error: FreeRTOS.h: No such file or directory
36 | #include <FreeRTOS.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make: *** [makefile:203: main.c.o] Error 1
```

72
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/*
* FreeRTOS Kernel V10.3.1
* Copyright (C) 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
* IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* http://www.FreeRTOS.org
* http://aws.amazon.com/freertos
*
* 1 tab == 4 spaces!
*/
/*
* The FreeRTOS kernel's RISC-V port is split between the the code that is
* common across all currently supported RISC-V chips (implementations of the
* RISC-V ISA), and code that tailors the port to a specific RISC-V chip:
*
* + FreeRTOS\Source\portable\GCC\RISC-V-RV32\portASM.S contains the code that
* is common to all currently supported RISC-V chips. There is only one
* portASM.S file because the same file is built for all RISC-V target chips.
*
* + Header files called freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h contain the
* code that tailors the FreeRTOS kernel's RISC-V port to a specific RISC-V
* chip. There are multiple freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h files
* as there are multiple RISC-V chip implementations.
*
* !!!NOTE!!!
* TAKE CARE TO INCLUDE THE CORRECT freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h
* HEADER FILE FOR THE CHIP IN USE. This is done using the assembler's (not the
* compiler's!) include path. For example, if the chip in use includes a core
* local interrupter (CLINT) and does not include any chip specific register
* extensions then add the path below to the assembler's include path:
* FreeRTOS\Source\portable\GCC\RISC-V-RV32\chip_specific_extensions\RV32I_CLINT_no_extensions
*
*/
/*
* NEORV32 chip specific extensions
*/
#ifndef __FREERTOS_RISC_V_EXTENSIONS_H__
#define __FREERTOS_RISC_V_EXTENSIONS_H__
#define portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT 0
#define portasmHAS_MTIME 1
#define portasmADDITIONAL_CONTEXT_SIZE 0 /* Must be even number on 32-bit cores. */
.macro portasmSAVE_ADDITIONAL_REGISTERS
/* No additional registers to save, so this macro does nothing. */
.endm
.macro portasmRESTORE_ADDITIONAL_REGISTERS
/* No additional registers to restore, so this macro does nothing. */
.endm
#endif /* __FREERTOS_RISC_V_EXTENSIONS_H__ */

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/*
* FreeRTOS Kernel V10.3.0
* Copyright (C) 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
* IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* http://www.FreeRTOS.org
* http://aws.amazon.com/freertos
*
* 1 tab == 4 spaces!
*/
.extern ulRegTest1LoopCounter
.extern ulRegTest2LoopCounter
.global vRegTest1Implementation
.global vRegTest2Implementation
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
* The register check tasks are described in the comments at the top of
* main_full.c.
*/
.align( 4 )
vRegTest1Implementation:
/* Fill the core registers with known values. */
li x5, 0x5
li x6, 0x6
li x7, 0x7
li x8, 0x8
li x9, 0x9
li x10, 0xa
li x11, 0xb
li x12, 0xc
li x13, 0xd
li x14, 0xe
li x15, 0xf
li x16, 0x10
li x17, 0x11
li x18, 0x12
li x19, 0x13
li x20, 0x14
li x21, 0x15
li x22, 0x16
li x23, 0x17
li x24, 0x18
li x25, 0x19
li x26, 0x1a
li x27, 0x1b
li x28, 0x1c
li x29, 0x1d
li x30, 0x1e
reg1_loop:
/* Check each register still contains the expected known value.
vRegTest1Implementation uses x31 as the temporary, vRegTest2Implementation
uses x5 as the temporary. */
li x31, 0x5
bne x31, x5, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x6
bne x31, x6, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x7
bne x31, x7, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x8
bne x31, x8, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x9
bne x31, x9, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xa
bne x31, x10, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xb
bne x31, x11, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xc
bne x31, x12, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xd
bne x31, x13, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xe
bne x31, x14, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0xf
bne x31, x15, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x10
bne x31, x16, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x11
bne x31, x17, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x12
bne x31, x18, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x13
bne x31, x19, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x14
bne x31, x20, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x15
bne x31, x21, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x16
bne x31, x22, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x17
bne x31, x23, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x18
bne x31, x24, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x19
bne x31, x25, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x1a
bne x31, x26, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x1b
bne x31, x27, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x1c
bne x31, x28, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x1d
bne x31, x29, reg1_error_loop
li x31, 0x1e
bne x31, x30, reg1_error_loop
/* Everything passed, increment the loop counter. */
lw x31, ulRegTest1LoopCounterConst
lw x30, 0(x31)
addi x30, x30, 1
sw x30, 0(x31)
/* Restore clobbered register reading for next loop. */
li x30, 0x1e
/* Yield to increase code coverage. */
ecall
/* Start again. */
jal reg1_loop
reg1_error_loop:
/* Jump here if a register contains an uxpected value. This stops the loop
counter being incremented so the check task knows an error was found. */
ebreak
jal reg1_error_loop
.align( 4 )
ulRegTest1LoopCounterConst: .word ulRegTest1LoopCounter
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
.align( 4 )
vRegTest2Implementation:
/* Fill the core registers with known values. */
li x6, 0x61
li x7, 0x71
li x8, 0x81
li x9, 0x91
li x10, 0xa1
li x11, 0xb1
li x12, 0xc1
li x13, 0xd1
li x14, 0xe1
li x15, 0xf1
li x16, 0x20
li x17, 0x21
li x18, 0x22
li x19, 0x23
li x20, 0x24
li x21, 0x25
li x22, 0x26
li x23, 0x27
li x24, 0x28
li x25, 0x29
li x26, 0x2a
li x27, 0x2b
li x28, 0x2c
li x29, 0x2d
li x30, 0x2e
li x31, 0x2f
Reg2_loop:
/* Check each register still contains the expected known value.
vRegTest2Implementation uses x5 as the temporary, vRegTest1Implementation
uses x31 as the temporary. */
li x5, 0x61
bne x5, x6, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x71
bne x5, x7, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x81
bne x5, x8, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x91
bne x5, x9, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xa1
bne x5, x10, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xb1
bne x5, x11, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xc1
bne x5, x12, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xd1
bne x5, x13, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xe1
bne x5, x14, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0xf1
bne x5, x15, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x20
bne x5, x16, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x21
bne x5, x17, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x22
bne x5, x18, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x23
bne x5, x19, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x24
bne x5, x20, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x25
bne x5, x21, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x26
bne x5, x22, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x27
bne x5, x23, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x28
bne x5, x24, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x29
bne x5, x25, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2a
bne x5, x26, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2b
bne x5, x27, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2c
bne x5, x28, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2d
bne x5, x29, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2e
bne x5, x30, reg2_error_loop
li x5, 0x2f
bne x5, x31, reg2_error_loop
/* Everything passed, increment the loop counter. */
lw x5, ulRegTest2LoopCounterConst
lw x6, 0(x5)
addi x6, x6, 1
sw x6, 0(x5)
/* Restore clobbered register reading for next loop. */
li x6, 0x61
/* Start again. */
jal Reg2_loop
reg2_error_loop:
/* Jump here if a register contains an uxpected value. This stops the loop
counter being incremented so the check task knows an error was found. */
ebreak
jal reg2_error_loop
.align( 4 )
ulRegTest2LoopCounterConst: .word ulRegTest2LoopCounter

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# *****************************************************************************
# USER CONFIGURATION
# *****************************************************************************
# User's application sources (*.c, *.cpp, *.s, *.S); add additional files here
APP_SRC ?= $(wildcard ./*.c) $(wildcard ./*.s) $(wildcard ./*.cpp) $(wildcard ./*.S)
# User's application include folders (don't forget the '-I' before each entry)
APP_INC ?= -I .
# User's application include folders - for assembly files only (don't forget the '-I' before each entry)
ASM_INC ?= -I .
# Optimization
EFFORT ?= -Os
# Compiler toolchain
RISCV_PREFIX ?= riscv32-unknown-elf-
# CPU architecture and ABI
MARCH ?= rv32i
MABI ?= ilp32
# User flags for additional configuration (will be added to compiler flags)
USER_FLAGS ?=
# Relative or absolute path to the NEORV32 home folder
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
# *****************************************************************************
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FreeRTOS
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifneq (,$(findstring RUN_FREERTOS_DEMO,$(USER_FLAGS)))
# FreeRTOS home folder (adapt this!)
FREERTOS_HOME ?= /mnt/n/Projects/FreeRTOSv10.4.1
# FreeRTOS RISC-V specific
APP_SRC += $(wildcard $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/RISC-V/*.c)
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/RISC-V/portASM.S
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/RISC-V
# FreeRTOS core
APP_SRC += $(wildcard $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/*.c)
APP_SRC += $(wildcard $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/portable/MemMang/heap_4.c)
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Source/include
# FreeRTOS sources for the full_demo
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/blocktim.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/dynamic.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/EventGroupsDemo.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/GenQTest.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/recmutex.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/TaskNotify.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/TaskNotifyArray.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/Minimal/TimerDemo.c
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS/Demo/Common/include
# NEORV32 specific
ASM_INC += -DportasmHANDLE_INTERRUPT=SystemIrqHandler
APP_INC += -I chip_specific_extensions/neorv32
ASM_INC += -I chip_specific_extensions/neorv32
# Demo application
APP_SRC += blinky_demo/main_blinky.c
APP_SRC += full_demo/main_full.c
APP_SRC += full_demo/RegTest.s
endif
# -----------------
# FreeRTOS-Plus-CLI
# -----------------
ifneq (,$(findstring FREERTOS_PLUS_CLI,$(USER_FLAGS)))
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-CLI/FreeRTOS_CLI.c
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-CLI
endif
# -----------------
# FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP
# -----------------
ifneq (,$(findstring FREERTOS_PLUS_TCP,$(USER_FLAGS)))
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_ARP.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_DHCP.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_DNS.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_IP.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_Sockets.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_Stream_Buffer.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_TCP_IP.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_TCP_WIN.c
APP_SRC += $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_UDP_IP.c
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/include
APP_INC += -I $(FREERTOS_HOME)/FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/portable/Compiler/GCC
endif
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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Original LICENSE from https://github.com/sifive/benchmark-dhrystone
Dhrystone
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is no explicit license defined. They were originally
written in ADA by Reinhold P. Weicker and translated to C by Rick Richardson .
The source obtained from the following site:
https://fossies.org/linux/privat/old/dhrystone-2.1.tar.gz

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# Dhrystone Benchmark
:copyright: Original sources from [https://github.com/sifive/benchmark-dhrystone](https://github.com/sifive/benchmark-dhrystone) (also, see `LICENSE`).
The source code has been modified for the NEORV32 processor.
To compile the NEORV32 executable:
```
neorv32/sw/example/dhrystone$ sh dhrystone.sh
```
The default number of iterations is 2000000. You can modify this by changing `USER_FLAGS+=-DDHRY_ITERS=2000000` in `dhrystone.sh`.
The default optimization level (EFFORT) is `O3`.
:warning: Dhrystone will require an IMEM size of 16kB and a DMEM size of 16kB. The MTIME machine timer is used for timing evaluation.
:construction: Porting Dhrystone is still work-in-progress. Performance results might be incorrect and not optimized.
All results only show the integer parts.
### Exemplary Output
Output generated for processor HW version [v1.5.9.1](https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
using performance-optimized configuration options.
```
NEORV32: Processor running at 100000000 Hz
NEORV32: Executing Dhrystone (2000000 iterations). This may take some time...
Dhrystone Benchmark, Version 2.1 (Language: C)
Program compiled without 'register' attribute
Execution starts, 2000000 runs through Dhrystone
Execution ends
Final values of the variables used in the benchmark:
Int_Glob: 5
should be: 5
Bool_Glob: 1
should be: 1
Ch_1_Glob: A
should be: A
Ch_2_Glob: B
should be: B
Arr_1_Glob[8]: 7
should be: 7
Arr_2_Glob[8][7]: 2000010
should be: Number_Of_Runs + 10
Ptr_Glob->
Ptr_Comp: -2147467428
should be: (implementation-dependent)
Discr: 0
should be: 0
Enum_Comp: 2
should be: 2
Int_Comp: 17
should be: 17
Str_Comp: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING
should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING
Next_Ptr_Glob->
Ptr_Comp: -2147467428
should be: (implementation-dependent), same as above
Discr: 0
should be: 0
Enum_Comp: 1
should be: 1
Int_Comp: 18
should be: 18
Str_Comp: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING
should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING
Int_1_Loc: 5
should be: 5
Int_2_Loc: 13
should be: 13
Int_3_Loc: 7
should be: 7
Enum_Loc: 1
should be: 1
Str_1_Loc: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING
should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING
Str_2_Loc: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING
should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING
Microseconds for one run through Dhrystone: 13
Dhrystones per Second: 76923
NEORV32: << DETAILED RESULTS (integer parts only) >>
NEORV32: Total cycles: 2662000187
NEORV32: Cycles per second: 100000000
NEORV32: Total runs: 2000000
NEORV32: DMIPS/s: 76923
NEORV32: DMIPS/MHz: 769
NEORV32: VAX DMIPS/s: 43
NEORV32: VAX DMIPS/MHz: 43/100
```

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/*
****************************************************************************
*
* "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
* -----------------------------
*
* Version: C, Version 2.1
*
* File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
*
* Date: May 25, 1988
*
* Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
* Siemens AG, E STE 35
* Postfach 3240
* 8520 Erlangen
* Germany (West)
* Phone: [xxx-49]-9131-7-20330
* (8-17 Central European Time)
* Usenet: ..!mcvax!unido!estevax!weicker
*
* Original Version (in Ada) published in
* "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
* pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
* on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
*
* In this C version, the following C library functions are used:
* - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
* - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
* In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
* are used for execution time measurement. For measurements
* on other systems, these calls have to be changed.
*
* Collection of Results:
* Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
*
* Rick Richardson
* PC Research. Inc.
* 94 Apple Orchard Drive
* Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
* Phone: (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)
* Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
*
* Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
* Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.
* Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size
* of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
* (number of wait states).
* Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)
* manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.
* The Operating System version may give an indication about the
* compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.
*
* The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
* such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
*
***************************************************************************
*
* History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
*
* 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
* Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
* programming language for the class of processors
* (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.
* There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
* Dhrystone such that results can be compared without
* restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed
* by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker
* had small (though not significant) differences.
*
* 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone
* statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from
* removing significant statements.
*
* This C version has been developed in cooperation with
* Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
* ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
* him over the UNIX network Usenet.
* I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
* David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
* Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
* for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
* benchmark.
*
* Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
* Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
* version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.
* As a concession to older compilers, names have been made
* unique within the first 8 characters.
* Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the
* version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
*
* At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
* but within the measurement loop only in branches that
* are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers
* should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement
* loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements
* that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been
* changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
* (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)
* still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,
* execution times for this version should be the same as
* for previous versions.
*
* Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
* measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
* has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
* an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
* statistics which have been updated for this version.
*
* All changes within the measurement loop are described
* and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
* Dhrystone version 2".
*
* Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
* distribution of the executed statements should not be
* changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
* may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
* degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.
* Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings
* whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.
*
* Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
* the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
* some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
* The only change within the measurement loop is that a
* non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
* Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
*
***************************************************************************
*
* Defines: The following "Defines" are possible:
* -DREG=register (default: Not defined)
* As an approximation to what an average C programmer
* might do, the "register" storage class is applied
* (if enabled by -DREG=register)
* - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)
* five or more times
* - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
* six or more times
* Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
* compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations
* do not necessarily lead to faster execution.
* -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined)
* Define if the C compiler does not support
* assignment of structures.
* -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined)
* Define if the C compiler does not support
* enumeration types.
* -DTIMES (default)
* -DTIME
* The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)
* or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)
* is used for measurement.
* For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For
* multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user
* access, use the "times ()" function. If you have
* neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.
* "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"
* and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"
* command, as this will measure the total time to
* run this program, which will (erroneously) include
* the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform
* the initialization.
* -DHZ=nnn
* In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
* time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
* CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY
* A VALUE.
*
***************************************************************************
*
* Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
*
* This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
* - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
* - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
* - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
*
* The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
* - Separate compilation
* - No procedure merging
* - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated
* - Default results are those without register declarations
* See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
* detailed discussion of these ground rules.
*
* For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
* models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
* together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.
*
**************************************************************************
*
* Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
*
* [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
* Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
* different from the Ada version.]
*
* The following program contains statements of a high level programming
* language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
*
* assignments 52 (51.0 %)
* control statements 33 (32.4 %)
* procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %)
*
* 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
* respect to the three aspects:
*
* - statement type
* - operand type
* - operand locality
* operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
*
* The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
*
* 1. Statement Type:
* ----------------- number
*
* V1 = V2 9
* (incl. V1 = F(..)
* V = Constant 12
* Assignment, 7
* with array element
* Assignment, 6
* with record component
* --
* 34 34
*
* X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5
* X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6
* X = X +|- 1 3
* X = Y *|/ Z 2
* X = Expression, 1
* two operators
* X = Expression, 1
* three operators
* --
* 18 18
*
* if .... 14
* with "else" 7
* without "else" 7
* executed 3
* not executed 4
* for ... 7 | counted every time
* while ... 4 | the loop condition
* do ... while 1 | is evaluated
* switch ... 1
* break 1
* declaration with 1
* initialization
* --
* 34 34
*
* P (...) procedure call 11
* user procedure 10
* library procedure 1
* X = F (...)
* function call 6
* user function 5
* library function 1
* --
* 17 17
* ---
* 103
*
* The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
* is 1.82 (not counting the function values aX *
*
* 2. Operators
* ------------
* number approximate
* percentage
*
* Arithmetic 32 50.8
*
* + 21 33.3
* - 7 11.1
* * 3 4.8
* / (int div) 1 1.6
*
* Comparison 27 42.8
*
* == 9 14.3
* /= 4 6.3
* > 1 1.6
* < 3 4.8
* >= 1 1.6
* <= 9 14.3
*
* Logic 4 6.3
*
* && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6
* | (OR) 1 1.6
* ! (NOT) 2 3.2
*
* -- -----
* 63 100.1
*
*
* 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
* ---------------
* number approximate
* percentage
*
* Integer 175 72.3 %
* Character 45 18.6 %
* Pointer 12 5.0 %
* String30 6 2.5 %
* Array 2 0.8 %
* Record 2 0.8 %
* --- -------
* 242 100.0 %
*
* When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record
* component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.
*
*
* 4. Operand Locality:
* -------------------
* number approximate
* percentage
*
* local variable 114 47.1 %
* global variable 22 9.1 %
* parameter 45 18.6 %
* value 23 9.5 %
* reference 22 9.1 %
* function result 6 2.5 %
* constant 55 22.7 %
* --- -------
* 242 100.0 %
*
*
* The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically
* and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them
* before they are used as a source operand.
*
* There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
* cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or
* data.
*
***************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef dhrystone_h
#define dhrystone_h
/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */
#ifndef TIME
#undef TIMES
#define TIMES
#endif
/* Use times(2) time function unless */
/* explicitly defined otherwise */
//#ifdef MSC_CLOCK
//#undef HZ
//#undef TIMES
//#include <time.h>
//#define HZ CLK_TCK
//#endif
// /* Use Microsoft C hi-res clock */
#define HZ SYSINFO_CLK
#ifdef TIMES
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
/* for "times" */
#endif
#define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000
/* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
#define structassign(d, s) memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
#else
#define structassign(d, s) d = s
#endif
#ifdef NOENUM
#define Ident_1 0
#define Ident_2 1
#define Ident_3 2
#define Ident_4 3
#define Ident_5 4
typedef int Enumeration;
#else
typedef enum {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
Enumeration;
#endif
/* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */
/* General definitions: */
#include <stdio.h>
/* for strcpy, strcmp */
#define Null 0
/* Value of a Null pointer */
#define true 1
#define false 0
typedef int One_Thirty;
typedef int One_Fifty;
typedef char Capital_Letter;
typedef int Boolean;
typedef char Str_30 [31];
typedef int Arr_1_Dim [50];
typedef int Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];
typedef struct record
{
struct record *Ptr_Comp;
Enumeration Discr;
union {
struct {
Enumeration Enum_Comp;
int Int_Comp;
char Str_Comp [31];
} var_1;
struct {
Enumeration E_Comp_2;
char Str_2_Comp [31];
} var_2;
struct {
char Ch_1_Comp;
char Ch_2_Comp;
} var_3;
} variant;
} Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;
// function prototypes
Enumeration Func_1 (Ch_1_Par_Val, Ch_2_Par_Val);
Boolean Func_2 (Str_1_Par_Ref, Str_2_Par_Ref);
Boolean Func_3 (Enum_Par_Val);
void Proc_1 (Ptr_Val_Par);
void Proc_2 (Int_Par_Ref);
void Proc_3 (Ptr_Ref_Par);
void Proc_4 (void);
void Proc_5 (void);
void Proc_6 (Enum_Val_Par, Enum_Ref_Par);
void Proc_7 (Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val, Int_Par_Ref);
void Proc_8 (Arr_1_Par_Ref, Arr_2_Par_Ref, Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val);
int strcmp(const char *p1, const char *p2);
#endif // dhrystone_h

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make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_DHRYSTONE USER_FLAGS+=-DDHRY_ITERS=2000000 USER_FLAGS+=-DNOENUM MARCH=rv32imc EFFORT=-O3 clean_all exe

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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# NEORV32 `Zfinx` Floating-Point Extension
The NEORV32 floating-point unit (FPU) implements the `Zfinx` RISC-V extension. The extensions can be enabled via the `CPU_EXTENSION_RISCV_Zfinx` top configuration generic.
The RISC-V `Zfinx` single-precision floating-point extensions uses the integer register file `x` instead of the dedicated floating-point `f` register file (which is
defined by the RISC-V `F` single-precision floating-point extension). Hence, the standard data transfer instructions from the `F` extension are **not** available in `Zfinx`:
* floating-point load/store operations (`FLW`, `FSW`) and their compressed versions
* integer register file `x` <-> floating point register file `f` move operations (`FMV.W.X`, `FMV.X.W`)
:information_source: More information regarding the RISC-V `Zfinx` single-precision floating-point extension can be found in the official GitHub repo:
[`github.com/riscv/riscv-zfinx`](https://github.com/riscv/riscv-zfinx).
:warning: The RISC-V `Zfinx` extension is not officially ratified yet, but it is assumed to remain unchanged. Hence, it is not supported by the upstream RISC-V GCC port.
Make sure you **do not** use the `f` ISA attribute when compiling applications that use floating-point arithmetic (`MARCH=rv32i*f*` is **NOT ALLOWED!**).
### :warning: FPU Limitations
* The FPU **does not support subnormal numbers** yet. Subnormal FPU inputs and subnormal FPU results are always *flushed to zero*. The *classify* instruction `FCLASS` will never set the "subnormal" mask bits.
* Rounding mode `ob100` "round to nearest, ties to max magnitude" is not supported yet (this and all invalid rounding mode configurations behave as "round towards zero" (truncation)).
## Intrinsic Library
The NEORV32 `Zfinx` floating-point extension can still be used using the provided **intrinsic library**. This library uses "custom" inline assmbly instructions
wrapped within normal C-language functions. Each original instruction of the extension can be utilized using an according intrinsic function.
For example, the floating-point addition instruction `FADD.S` can be invoked using the according intrinsic function:
```c
float riscv_intrinsic_fadds(float rs1, float rs2)
```
The pure-software emulation instruction, which uses the standard built-in functions to execute all floating-point operations, is available via wrapper function. The
emulation function for the `FADD.S` instruction is:
```c
float riscv_emulate_fadds(float rs1, float rs2)
```
The emulation functions as well as the available intrinsics for the `Zfinx` extension are located in `neorv32_zfinx_extension_intrinsics.h`.
The provided test program `main.c` verifies all currently implemented `Zfinx` instructions by checking the functionality against the pure software-based emulation model
(GCC soft-float library).
## Resources
* Great page with online calculators for floating-point arithmetic: [http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/arith/simulator/](http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/arith/simulator/)
* A handy tool for visualizing floating-point numbers in their binary representation: [https://www.h-schmidt.net/FloatConverter/IEEE754.html](https://www.h-schmidt.net/FloatConverter/IEEE754.html)
* This helped me to understand what results the different FPU operation generate when having "special" inputs like NaN: [https://techdocs.altium.com/display/FPGA/IEEE+754+Standard+-+Overview](https://techdocs.altium.com/display/FPGA/IEEE+754+Standard+-+Overview)

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - All-Projects Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the riscv GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2020, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Make defaults and targets
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.SUFFIXES:
.DEFAULT_GOAL := help
TOPTARGETS := exe clean_all check info all
SUBDIRS := $(wildcard */.)
# ignore dummy folders (starting with '~')
DUMMYDIRS := $(wildcard ~*/.)
SUBDIRS := $(filter-out $(DUMMYDIRS), $(SUBDIRS))
$(TOPTARGETS): $(SUBDIRS)
$(SUBDIRS):
@set -e
@$(MAKE) -C $@ $(MAKECMDGOALS)
.PHONY: $(TOPTARGETS) $(SUBDIRS)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Help
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
help:
@echo "Build / clean up all projects"
@echo "Targets:"
@echo " help - show this text"
@echo " check - check toolchain"
@echo " info - show makefile configuration"
@echo " exe - create executables from all projects"
@echo " all - create executables and boot images from all projects"
@echo " clean_all - clean up everything"

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#################################################################################################
# << NEORV32 - Application Makefile >> #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# Make sure to add the RISC-V GCC compiler's bin folder to your PATH environment variable. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# BSD 3-Clause License #
# #
# Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. #
# #
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are #
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met: #
# #
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer. #
# #
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of #
# conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials #
# provided with the distribution. #
# #
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to #
# endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written #
# permission. #
# #
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS #
# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF #
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE #
# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, #
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #
# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED #
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING #
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED #
# OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #
# ********************************************************************************************* #
# The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32 (c) Stephan Nolting #
#################################################################################################
# Modify this variable to fit your NEORV32 setup (neorv32 home folder)
NEORV32_HOME ?= ../../..
include $(NEORV32_HOME)/sw/common/common.mk